Characteristics of Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Case Analysis and Literature Review.

INTRODUCTION: Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) stands as the most common congenital facial anomaly, stemming from multifactorial causes. OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to ascertain the prevalence and characteristics of cleft palates, identify associated risk factors to inform prevention and prenatal detection for early intervention, and assess postoperative rehabilitation protocols for cleft palates. DESIGN: This study employs a retrospective descriptive and clinical approach. PATIENTS: The study includes 103 children with cleft palates treated at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery Clinic for Children and Young Adults, Department of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Warmia and Mazury. METHODS: We conducted a thorough evaluation of records, considering variables such as sex, cleft type, maternal occupation, parental education, and family history of clefts. Data analysis was carried out using R software version GPL-3 and ordinal logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Notably, children born to mothers who experienced significant stress during pregnancy exhibited a 9.4-fold increase in the odds of having bilateral cleft palates. Conversely, no substantial evidence was found to support the influence of the child's sex, birth order, body mass, maternal exposure to workplace toxins, infections, or drug toxicity on the dependent variable. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that children with parents who have a history of clefts and those with less educated mothers are more likely to develop bilateral cleft palates. Additionally, children born to mothers experiencing stress during pregnancy face an increased risk of bilateral cleft palates. It is important to note that there is a paucity of literature on rehabilitation following various cleft palate surgical techniques in children.

SMART System in the Assessment of Exercise Tolerance in Adults.

Health-oriented physical activity should meet two key criteria: safety and an optimal level of exercise. The system of monitoring and rationalization of training (SMART) was designed to meet them. SMART integrates a custom-configured inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a sensor with real-time heart rate measurement (HR) using a proprietary computer application. SMART was used to evaluate the safety and exercise load with 115 study participants: 51 women (44.35%) and 64 men (55.65%) aged 19 to 65 years. The exercise test was the 6MWT test. In 35% of the participants, the mean HR exceeded the recognized safe limit of HR 75% max. Ongoing monitoring of HR allows for optimal exercise and its safety. Step count data were collected from the SMART system. The average step length was calculated by dividing the distance by the number of steps. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk of excessive cardiovascular stress during the 6MWT test using the SMART system.

Effect of strengthening and weakening of abdominal and dorsal muscles on lumbar spine loads in parents of disabled children.

Pain in the lower part of the back is one of the most common chronic illnesses globally. This work aimed to determine the impact of the reinforcement of particular groups of abdominal and dorsal muscles on the loads exerted on the lumbar section of the spine in 30 mothers of children with motor disabilities. An optical Ariel Performance Analysis System recorded and processed the kinematics data of everyday activities. Tests investigating the effects of the strengthening or weakening of abdominal and dorsal muscles on loading in the lumbar section of the spine utilized the AnyBody Modelling System. Input data for the simulations included mean values of body positions, while the effects of strengthening or weakening of muscles were simulated in the muscle forces model by introducing different values for muscle physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA). Simulations used decreasing or increasing PCSA values of abdominal muscles and the erector spinae. The analysis involved component and resultant force values on the lumbosacral joint (L5-S1) of the spine and intra-abdominal pressure values. The highest reduction of the resultant reaction value in L5-S1 was observed in the simulations that increased the PCSA of the transverse abdominal (TrA). Indeed, a double increase in the TrA cross-section caused a reduction of the resultant reaction in L5-S1 by 30% and the anterior-posterior and proximal-distal forces by approximately 20-30%. Increased PCSA of the erector spinae exerted higher loads on the spine. These results indicate that strengthening weakened abdominal muscles, particularly TrA, in parents of children with motor disabilities reduces lower spinal loads during daily activities.

Planning of physiotherapeutic procedure in patients after mandible reconstruction taking into account donor site: a literature review.

BACKGROUND: Mandible tumors are very rare. One of the main methods of the treatments is resection of the tumor and then reconstruction of the mandible. The donor site is often distant tissue-fibula or ilium. Following this, it is necessary to improve the patient in two ways, on one hand restoring the function of the mandible, and on the other hand, improving the donor site area. For that reason, physiotherapy after tumor resection and reconstruction of the mandible is very complicated. The aim of this bibliographic review was to find the methods of the reconstruction of the mandible in the context of patients' functional assessment after surgeries to create effective physiotherapeutic procedures in the feature. METHODS: PEDro, Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Clinical Trials were searched. RESULTS: 767 articles were found. 40 articles were included to this literature review. CONCLUSIONS: Authors showed different kinds of surgeries strategy for patients with tumors of the mandible. They also showed manners of patients' functional assessment in the localization of transplantation and donor site. It could be useful for physiotherapists during planning of comprehensive physiotherapy.

Scoliotic posture and biological age measured by pubertal growth spurt in adolescent boys and girls.

Puberty is a critical period in the development of children and adolescents. The muscular dystonia observed during this period and the environmental factors present at home and school promote the adoption of abnormal posture and impaired physical performance. Early detection of postural changes provides opportunities for prevention and treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the body posture and the size of the rotational deformation of the trunk in children aged 10-15 years, before and after pubertal growth spurt. The study included 40 subjects, 19 boys and 21 girls from Wroclaw, Poland, aged 10.3-15.6 years, who reported for the first time to the Postural Defects Outpatient Clinic with suspected rotational deformity of the trunk. Based on the equations, maturity offset (MO) was determined and the age of peak height velocity (APHV) was assessed. The posture was evaluated using a deflection of the plumb line, scapular asymmetry, finger-to-floor test, angle of trunk rotation ATR at 3 spinal levels: proximal thoracic, main thoracic, and lumbar and the Three Rotation Sum (TRS) parameter. These parameters are the earliest clinical signs of scoliosis. In the examined children and adolescents from Wroclaw, irrespective of their calendar age, after the APHV, the characteristics describing lateral curvatures of the spine showed higher values, reaching especially for maximal ATR and for the TRS a highly statistically significant level. Post-pubertal children were also more often characterized by the so-called scoliotic posture - they had a significantly greater trunk deviation measured with the plumb line lowered from C7 (0.3 cm versus 0.9 cm; p = 0.01), a greater difference in the height of lower scapular anles, and a worse score on the finger-to-floor test. In conclusion, scoliometer testing should be permanently incorporated into periodic body measurements at school, especially among 10- to 12-year-old children who are at higher risk for scoliosis progression. Equations for assessing biological age, although associated with an error, appear to be easy to use and useful in screening for risk of developing scoliosis at peri-pubertal age.

Effect of Nordic Walking Training on Physical Fitness and Self-Assessment of Health of People with Chronic Non-Specific Lower Back Pain.

In order to determine the impact of a four-week cycle of Nordic Walking (NW) training on the physical fitness of people with chronic non-specific lower back pain and the impact of this form of activity on their self-assessment of health quality, the study included 80 men and women aged 29 to 63 years. The subjects were divided into two equal (40-person) groups: experimental and control. In both study groups the degree of disability in daily activities caused by back pain was assessed with the FFb-H-R questionnaire, the physical fitness was evaluated with the modified Fullerton test and the sense of health quality was assessed with the SF-36 questionnaire. The same tests were repeated after four weeks. In the experimental group NW training was applied between the two studies. During four weeks, 10 training units were carried out, and each training session lasted 60 min with a two-day break between each training. The four-week NW training resulted in a statistically significant sense of disability due to back pain (p < 0.001), significant improvement of physical fitness expressed by improvement in upper (p < 0.001) and lower (p < 0.01) body strength, upper and lower body flexibility (p < 0.001) and ability to walk a longer distance in a 6-min walk test (p < 0.001). The training participants also showed significant improvements in health quality in both physical (p < 0.001) and mental (p < 0.001) components. The four-week NW training has a positive impact on the physical fitness of men and women with chronic lower back pain. Participation in NW training also contributes to a significant reduction in the sense of disability caused by back pain and improvement in the self-assessment of health quality.

Automated postural asymmetry assessment in infants neurodevelopmental evaluation using novel video-based features.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Neurodevelopmental assessment enables the identification of infant developmental disorders in the first months of life. Thus, the appropriate therapy can be initiated promptly, increasing the chances for correct motor function. Posture asymmetry is one of the crucial aspects evaluated during the diagnosis. Available diagnostic methods are mainly based on qualitative assessment and subjective expert opinion. Current trends in computer-aided diagnosis focus mostly on analyzing infants' spontaneous movement videos using artificial intelligence methods, based primarily on limbs movement. This study aims to develop an automatic method for determining the infant's positional asymmetry in a video recording using computer image processing methods. METHODS: We made the first attempt to determine positional preferences in a recording automatically. We proposed six quantitative features describing trunk and head position based on pose estimation. As a result of our algorithm, we estimate the percentage of each trunk position in a recording using known machine learning methods. The training and test sets were created from 51 recordings collected during our research and 12 recordings from the benchmark dataset evaluated by five of our experts. The method was assessed using the leave-one-subject-out cross-validation method for ground truth video fragments and different classifiers. Log loss for multiclass classification and ROC AUC were determined to evaluate the results for both our and benchmark datasets. RESULTS: In a classification of the shortened side, the QDA classifier yields the most accurate results, gaining the lowest log loss of 0.552 and AUC of 0.913. The high accuracy (92.03) and sensitivity (93.26) confirm the method's potential in screening for asymmetry. CONCLUSIONS: The method allows obtaining quantitative information about positional preference, a valuable extension of basic diagnostics without additional tools and procedures. In combination with an analysis of limbs movement, it may constitute one of the elements of a novelty computer-aided infants' diagnosis system in the future.

Use of a Fibula Free Flap for Mandibular Reconstruction in Severe Craniofacial Microsomia in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

This is a retrospective study describing a multi-stage protocol for the management of severe mandibular hypoplasia in craniofacial microsomia (CFM) with accompanying obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Patients with severe mandibular hypoplasia require reconstruction functionality and esthetical features. In the cohort, reconstructions based on free fibular flaps (FFF) may be the most effective way. Patients aged 4-17 years with severe mandibular hypoplasia were treated with FFF, which initially improved the respiratory function assessed on polysomnography (AHI). In the next stages of treatment of cases with respiratory deterioration, it was indicated to perform distraction osteogenesis (DO) of the mandible and the structures reconstructed with FFF. All surgeries were planned in accordance with virtual surgery planning VSP. The aim of the study was to prospectively assess the effectiveness of multi-stage mandibular reconstruction in craniofacial microsomia with the use of a free fibula flap in terms of improving respiratory failure due to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The FFF reconstruction method, performed with virtual surgical planning (VSP), is proving to be an effective alternative to traditional methods of mandibular reconstruction in patients with severe CFM with OSA.

Children with Rare Nager Syndrome-Literature Review, Clinical and Physiotherapeutic Management.

Nager syndrome is a rare human developmental disorder characterized by craniofacial defects including the downward slanting of the palpebral fissures, cleft palate, limb deformities, mandibular hypoplasia, hypoplasia or absence of thumbs, microretrognathia, and ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint. The prevalence is very rare and the literature describes only about a hundred cases of Nager syndrome. There is evidence of autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance for Nager syndrome, suggesting genetic heterogeneity. The majority of the described causes of Nager syndrome include pathogenic variants in the SF3B4 gene, which encodes a component of the spliceosome; therefore, the syndrome belongs to the spliceosomopathy group of diseases. The diagnosis is made on the basis of physical and radiological examination and detection of mutations in the SF3B4 gene. Due to the diversity of defects associated with Nager syndrome, patients require multidisciplinary, complex, and long-lasting treatment. Usually, it starts from birth until the age of twenty years. The surgical procedures vary over a patient's lifetime and are related to the needed function. First, breathing and feeding must be facilitated; then, oral and facial clefts should be addressed, followed by correcting eyelid deformities and cheekbone reconstruction. In later age, a surgery of the nose and external ear is performed. Speech and hearing disorders require specialized logopedic treatment. A defect of the thumb is treated by transplanting a tendon and muscle or transferring the position of the index finger. In addition to surgery, in order to maximize a patient's benefit and to reduce functional insufficiency, complementary treatments such as rehabilitation and physiotherapy are recommended. In our study, we describe eight patients of different ages with various cases of Nager syndrome. The aim of our work was to present the actual genetic knowledge on this disease and its treatment procedures.

Can Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Be Used to Treat Children after COVID-19? A Bibliographic Review.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern. It was believed that SARS-CoV-2 virus was much less likely affect children. Statistics show that children account for 2-13% of all COVID-19 patients in individual countries. In the youngest population, acute respiratory failure is not as serious a problem as complications after COVID-19, mainly pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS, MIS-C). This study used a bibliography review. The Medline database (using the PubMed platform) and the Cochrane Clinical Trials database were searched using the following keywords: hyperbaric oxygen therapy for children, treatment of children with COVID-19, and use of HBOT in the treatment of children following COVID-19. Thirteen publications that quantitatively and qualitatively described the efficacy of HBOT application in the treatment of pediatric diseases were eligible among the studies; those relating to the use of HBOT in the treatment of children with COVID-19 and its complications were not found. The bibliographic review showed that hyperbaric oxygen therapy can be used in the treatment of children after carbon monoxide poisoning, with soft tissue necrosis, bone necrosis, after burns, or after skin transplant. No evidence supported by research has been found in scientific journals on the effectiveness of the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in children with a history of COVID-19 infection. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies with regard to the use of HBOT therapy in the treatment of children and to reduce the number of pediatric patients suffering because of complications after COVID-19.

Physiotherapeutic methods of treatment of mandibular distal occlusion and the progress of therapy: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated a relationship between dental malocclusion and posture defects. The aims of the study were to present (1) the effect of a physiotherapeutic approach to a patient with a distal occlusion defect with the use of a set of exercises to strengthen the muscles responsible for mandibular protrusion, and (2) a non-invasive and easy-to-use method to monitor the effects of therapy. METHODS: Five year old girl with a distal occlusion and with a low basic postural tone was referred to physiotherapy. A therapeutic program i.a. concerning a strengthening of the temporomandibular joint muscles with the use of a flexible tape was proposed. To assess the functional changes of the masticatory apparatus a photoanthropometric method was used. In side-face photos, proportions of 2 linear measurements and values of two angles on the first day of therapy, after 2 and after 4 months of exercises, with the mandible located freely and in the maximum protrusion were compared. RESULTS: A comparison of indices and angles showed a marked improvement in mandibular mobility already after two and four months of the exercises. Using the elastic resistance tape in addition to general developmental exercises allowed for increasing the mobility in the temporomandibular joint. CONCLUSION: Malocclusion should not be considered separately, without taking into account the body posture. The work of the physiotherapist can benefit the orthodontist, correcting postural defects and consequently affecting malocclusion. A comparison of linear measurements and angles can be used to assess the progress of the therapy.

Protocol for Multi-Stage Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis in Children and Adolescents.

Treatment of temporomandibular ankylosis is challenging and frequently leads to re-ankylosis, relapse, dangerous complications and, in turn, the need for multiple operations. In this article, we present a protocol for the treatment of ankylosis of the temporomandibular joints that assumes earlier intervention with the assistance of 3D virtual surgical planning (3DVSP) and custom biomaterials for better and safer surgical outcomes. Thirty-three patients were treated due to either uni- or bilateral temporomandibular ankylosis. Twenty individuals received temporomandibular prosthesis, whereas seventeen required simultaneous 3D virtual surgical/planned orthognathic surgery as the final correction of the malocclusion. All patients exhibited statistically significant improvements in mouth opening (from 1.21 ± 0.74 cm to 3.77 ± 0.46 cm) and increased physiological functioning of the mandible. Gap arthroplasty and aggressive rehabilitation prior to temporomandibular prosthesis (TMJP) placement were preferred over costochondral autografts. The use of 3DVSP and custom biomaterials enables more precise, efficient and safe procedures to be performed in the paediatric and adolescent population requiring treatment for temporomandibular ankylosis.

Efficacy of immediate physiotherapy after surgical release of zygomatico-coronoid ankylosis in a young child: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJ ankylosis) manifests itself as a locked jaw and reduced mouth opening. We hypothesized that the efficacy of TMJ ankylosis surgery in a child may largely depend on physiotherapeutic management. CASE DESCRIPTION: In this case report, we present the treatment of a girl between 1 and 4 years of age, who was unable to open her jaws immediately after birth. Congenital ankylosis was diagnosed. INTERVENTION: Two models of therapeutic management were presented, with a surgical procedure to release bone fusion adopted as a starting point. In the first model, the rehabilitation procedure started 21 days after surgery. OUTCOMES: Despite rehabilitation, no clinical improvement was achieved (i.e. the child was still unable to open her jaws). In the second model, rehabilitation started from the day after surgery and management according to the second model allowed for obtaining therapeutic benefits. After therapy, the girl was able to abduct the mandible to a degree allowing for improved speech and the ability to crush food. CONCLUSIONS: This clinical case shows that the efficacy of surgical procedures may depend on the type of postoperative management. It was demonstrated that physiotherapy started immediately after the procedure to release the ankylosis improved the mandible mobility outcomes for this child.

The influence of isometric rotation of the lower limb on the functioning of the knee joint stabilizers and rotator muscles.

PURPOSE: This paper presents an assessment of the influence of isometric rotation of the lower limb in a standing position on the functioning of the muscles stabilizing the knee joint in the frontal plane with the use of modeling the loads on the musculoskeletal system. METHODS: The research was carried out in the AnyBody Modeling System software, performing multi-variant simulations of the musculoskeletal system during isometric rotation of the lower limbs. The simulations were carried out using as input data the values of rotating moments and the ground reaction forces acting on foot segments, which were measured using the proprietary Rotenso device and the position of the body segments. RESULTS: The result is the muscular activity of the lower limbs of the selected muscle groups during isometric rotation. Muscle activity was recorded for Sartorius, Tensor fasciae latae, Iliopsoas, Gluteus minimus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus maximus, Piriformis, Quadratus femoris, Obturator internus, Obturator externus, Gemellus inferior, Gemellus superior. CONCLUSIONS: Performing isometric rotation allowed for the activation of most of the knee joint stabilizing muscles and rotators of the lower limb. The results indicate that lower limb rotation exercises can be used in physiotherapy in patients with valgus knee.

Real-Time Back Surface Landmark Determination Using a Time-of-Flight Camera.

Postural disorders, their prevention, and therapies are still growing modern problems. The currently used diagnostic methods are questionable due to the exposure to side effects (radiological methods) as well as being time-consuming and subjective (manual methods). Although the computer-aided diagnosis of posture disorders is well developed, there is still the need to improve existing solutions, search for new measurement methods, and create new algorithms for data processing. Based on point clouds from a Time-of-Flight camera, the presented method allows a non-contact, real-time detection of anatomical landmarks on the subject's back and, thus, an objective determination of trunk surface metrics. Based on a comparison of the obtained results with the evaluation of three independent experts, the accuracy of the obtained results was confirmed. The average distance between the expert indications and method results for all landmarks was 27.73 mm. A direct comparison showed that the compared differences were statically significantly different; however, the effect was negligible. Compared with other automatic anatomical landmark detection methods, ours has a similar accuracy with the possibility of real-time analysis. The advantages of the presented method are non-invasiveness, non-contact, and the possibility of continuous observation, also during exercise. The proposed solution is another step in the general trend of objectivization in physiotherapeutic diagnostics.

Multimodal Signal Analysis for Pain Recognition in Physiotherapy Using Wavelet Scattering Transform.

Fascial therapy is an effective, yet painful, procedure. Information about pain level is essential for the physiotherapist to adjust the therapy course and avoid potential tissue damage. We have developed a method for automatic pain-related reaction assessment in physiotherapy due to the subjectivity of a self-report. Based on a multimodal data set, we determine the feature vector, including wavelet scattering transforms coefficients. The AdaBoost classification model distinguishes three levels of reaction (no-pain, moderate pain, and severe pain). Because patients vary in pain reactions and pain resistance, our survey assumes a subject-dependent protocol. The results reflect an individual perception of pain in patients. They also show that multiclass evaluation outperforms the binary recognition.

Influence of Chest and Diaphragm Manual Therapy on the Spirometry Parameters in Patients with Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of manual therapy of the chest and diaphragm on the spirometry parameters in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD: The study was carried out on 20 youths with CP. All participated in 6 sessions (3 sham and 3 actual), with measurements of spirometry at baseline, postsham therapies 1 and 3, before actual therapy, and postactual therapy sessions 1 and 3. Two manual techniques were included: soft tissue mobilization of the chest and the diaphragm. RESULTS: After the first actual therapy, there was a significant (p < 0.01) improvement in forced vital capacity (FVC) by 0.23 L (8% of the average predicted value) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) by 0.18 L (7% of the average predicted value) as compared to results before the therapy. Change in FVC parameter was clinically significant, whereas change in FEV1 was not clinically significant. After sham therapy, there was no improvement in spirometry parameters as compared to baseline results. CONCLUSION: Single-time manual therapy of the chest and diaphragm has a positive effect on FVC and FEV1.

Physical therapy of temporomandibular disorder in a child with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita: A case report and literature review.

Background: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the occurrence of polyarticular contractures. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) affect 25% of patients with arthrogryposis.Clinical Presentation: In this case report, the authors describe rehabilitation of a child between 8 and 24 months of age with AMC accompanied by Pierre-Robin Sequence. Physiotherapy directed to the TMJ included manual therapy, food intake training, and sensory training.Conclusion: Increase in the mobility of the TMJ and improvement in food intake, swallowing, speech, and breathing were achieved. Further research is necessary for investigating the effects of the proposed protocol of physiotherapy on a larger number of children with AMC and co-occurrence of TMD.

Temporal and spatial variability of the fidgety movement descriptors and their relation to head position in automized general movement assessment.

PURPOSE: In clinical practice, motor development in infants is assessed subjectively. Many researchers propose objective methods, which have numerous limitations, by attaching markers or sensors to the child's limbs. The purpose of this study is to attempt to develop objectified numerical indices to describe the limb movements of infants without interfering with spontaneous activity. METHODS: 20-minute video recordings of three infants' movements who were purposively selected from 51 subjects were included in the study. The procedure of automatic calculation of head position time in 3 positions was applied. Movement features were determined to allow for the delineation of coefficients describing the movement in numerical values. RESULTS: Presented parameters describe three infant's movement aspects: quality (strength), distribution of postural tonus and asymmetry in relation to head position, described as four independent values. Estimated parameters variability over time was weighted up according to expert observations. The presented method is a direct reflection of infants' observation, currently performed by highly educated and experienced therapists. CONCLUSIONS: The interpretability and usefulness of the presented parameters were proved. All parameters estimation is fully automated. The conducted research is a prelude to future work related to creating an objective and repeatable tool, initially monitoring and ultimately supporting early diagnosis for differentiating normal and abnormal motor development.

Assessment of the Relationship between Y-Balance Test and Stabilometric Parameters in Youth Footballers.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the correlation between dynamic test results obtained on a stabilometric platform and the results achieved on the Y-balance test (Y-BT). METHOD: The study group consisted of 52 adolescent athletes, aged 14 to 17 years. Each participant was evaluated in the scope of their ability to maintain dynamic balance using the Y-BT as well as via dynamic tests on the 'Alfa' stabilometric platform. The following parameters were analysed: (a) from the Y-BT-relative reach of the right and left lower limbs in the anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial directions, as well as the side-to side difference in relative reach for each direction and (b) from the 'Alfa' platform-path length and time to reach the target using right and left lower limbs in the anterior and posterior directions. RESULTS: A correlation between the results obtained on the stabilometric platform and the Y-BT was found only for the posteromedial direction. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the increased difference between the right and left lower limbs in the posteromedial test is related to an increase in time taken to reach the points located forward and to the left, and backwards and to the right, as well as an increase in the overall time required to complete the task on the stabilometric platform. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the Y-BT and stabilometric platform are weakly related in adolescents. These findings indicate that the Y-BT and stabilometric platform analyse different kinds of dynamic balance in adolescents. Thus, these tools should not be used interchangeably in clinical practice or scientific research.